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Formula of Forecasting

Modeling   Forecasting   Planning
  (Forecasting, MFP)
(working papers mainly)
See also Forecasting, MFP metadata

Contents   (in new windows)

1.   News
2.   Reviews & Analyses
3.   Items' Events
( 2011   2010   2009   2008   2007   )
4.   Problems
5.   New Principle of Modeling, Forecasting, Planning -
      Principle of Uncertain Future

6.   New Results. Solution of Problems
      6.1.   Solution of Problems
      6.2.   Formula of Forecasting


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F ≅ Fbase {1+Σφaddit} {∏(1+kmultiplicat)} {1±Δerror}

more

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1. Forecasting News (more)

Analyzing Fixed-event Forecast Revisions
Michael McAleer, Philip Hans Franses and Chia-Lin Chang
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Evaluating Individual and Mean Non-Replicable Forecasts
Chia-Lin Chang, Philip Hans Franses and Michael McAleer
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Are realized volatility models good candidates
for alternative Value at Risk prediction strategies?

Dimitrios P. Louzis, Spyros Xanthopoulos-Sisinis and Apostolos P. Refenes
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

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2. Modeling Forecasting Planning
Reviews & Analyses


Principles of Forecasting:
A Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners

J. Scott Armstrong
Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
Content

Handbook of Economic Forecasting
G. Elliott, C. Granger and A. Timmermann
Handbook of Economic Forecasting from Elsevier     2006
Title

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3. Modeling Forecasting Planning
Items' Events

2011

Analyzing Fixed-event Forecast Revisions
Michael McAleer, Philip Hans Franses and Chia-Lin Chang
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Evaluating Individual and Mean Non-Replicable Forecasts
Chia-Lin Chang, Philip Hans Franses and Michael McAleer
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Are realized volatility models good candidates
for alternative Value at Risk prediction strategies?

Dimitrios P. Louzis, Spyros Xanthopoulos-Sisinis and Apostolos P. Refenes
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting macroeconomic variables using disaggregate survey data
Kjetil Martinsen, Francesco Ravazzolo and Fredrik Wulfsberg
Norges Bank
Abstract     Text

GDP Modelling with Factor Model:
an Impact of Nested Data on Forecasting Accuracy

Andrejs Bessonovs
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Equicorrelation
Adam Clements, Christopher A Coleman-Fenn and Daniel R. Smith
National Centre for Econometric Research
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Inflation Using Dynamic Model Averaging
Gary Koop and Dimitris Korobilis
University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

Forecasting correlations during the late-2000s financial crisis:
short-run component, long-run component, and structural breaks

Francesco Audrino
University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science
Abstract     Text

Forecasting with Medium and Large Bayesian VARs
Gary Koop University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

A comparison of Forecasting Procedures for Macroeconomic Series:
The Contribution of Structural Break Models

Luc Bauwens, Gary Koop, Dimitris Korobilis and Jeroen Rombouts
University of Strathclyde Business School, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

Evaluating Macroeconomic Forecasts:
A Review of Some Recent Developments

Philip Hans Franses, Michael McAleer and Rianne Legerstee
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Performance of Alternative Error Correction Models
Javed Iqbal
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

A Century of Inflation Forecasts
Antonello D'Agostino and Paolo Surico
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

Are Forecast Updates Progressive?
Chia-Lin Chang, Philip Hans Franses and Michael McAleer
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

The value of feedback in forecasting competitions
George Athanasopoulos and Rob J Hyndman
Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics
Abstract     Text

An Alternative Bayesian Approach to Structural Breaks
in Time Series Models

Sjoerd van den Hauwe, Richard Paap and Dick van Dijk
Tinbergen Institute Keywords: Structural breaks
Abstract     Text

Bayesian VARs: Specification Choices and Forecast Accuracy
Andrea Carriero, Todd Clark and Massimiliano Marcellino
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

Modelling and Forecasting Noisy Realized Volatility
Manabu Asai, Michael McAleer and M. Medeiros
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institute
Abstract     Text

The forecasting horizon of inflationary expectations
and perceptions in the EU. Is it really 12 months?

Lars Jonung and Staffan Linden
Lund University, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

Forecast Rationality Tests Based on Multi-Horizon Bounds
Andrew Patton and Allan Timmermann
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

The sensitivity of the Scaled Model of Error
with respect to the choice of the correlation parameters:
A simulation study

Rebecca Graziani and Nico Keilman "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Universita Commerciale Luigi Bocconi
Abstract     Text

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2010

Probabilistic Forecasts of Volatility and its Risk Premia
Worapree Maneesoonthorn, Gael Margaret Martin, Catherine S. Forbes and Simone Grose
Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics
Abstract     Text

Forecasting in the presence of recent structural change
Jana Eklund, George Kapetanios and Simon Price
Bank of England
Abstract     Text

Nowcasting
Marta Banbura, Domenico Giannone and Lucrezia Reichlin
European Central Bank
Abstract     Text

The links between in?ation and in?ation uncertainty
at the longer horizon

Alexander Tsyplakov
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

A Perspective on Predicting Currency Crises
Juan Yepez, Robert P. Flood and Nancy P. Marion
International Monetary Fund
Abstract     Text

Denoised Least Squares Forecasting of GDP Changes
Using Indexes of Consumer and Business Sentiment

Antonis A. Michis
Central Bank of Cyprus
Abstract     Text

Forecast Combination and Bayesian Model Averaging
- A Prior Sensitivity Analysis

Martin Feldkircher
University of Salzburg
Abstract     Text

Information or Institution?
– On the Determinants of Forecast Accuracy

Roland Dohrn and Christoph M. Schmidt
Rheinisch-Westfalisches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitat Dortmund, Universitat Duisburg-Essen
Abstract     Text

The Role of Dynamic Specification in Forecasting Volatility
in the Presence of Jumps and Noisy High-Frequency Data

Rasmus Varneskov
School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus
Abstract     Text

How Accurate are Government Forecasts of Economic Fundamentals?
The Case of Taiwan

Chia-Lin Chang, Philip Hans Franses and Michael McAleer
Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research
Abstract     Text

Analyzing Macroeconomic Forecastability
Ray Fair
Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University
Abstract     Text

Теорема о существовании разрывов в шкале вероятностей.
Дискретный случай

Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting volatility in the presence of Leverage Effect
Remi Rhodes, Vincent Vargas and Jean-Christophe Domenge
HAL
Abstract     Text

Econometric Studies of Business Cycles in the History of Econometrics
Duo Qin
Queen Mary, University of London, School of Economics and Finance
Abstract     Text

Theorem of existence of ruptures in probability scale.
Preliminary short version

Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Теорема о существовании разрывов в шкале вероятностей. II
Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

On the forecasting accuracy of multivariate GARCH models
Sebastien Laurent, Jeroen VK Rombouts and Francesco Violante
Universite catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE)
Abstract     Text

Do Jumps Matter? Forecasting Multivariate Realized Volatility
allowing for Common Jumps

Yin Liao, Heather M. Anderson and Farshid Vahid
Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics
Abstract     Text

Bias Correction and Out-of-Sample Forecast Accuracy
Hyeongwoo Kim and Nazif Durmaz
Department of Economics, Auburn University
Abstract     Text

Are Some Forecasters Really Better Than Others?
D’Agostino, Antonello, Kieran McQuinn and Karl T. Whelan
School Of Economics, University College Dublin
Abstract     Text

Measuring Output Gap Uncertainty
Anthony Garratt, James Mitchell and Shaun P. Vahey
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

Perspectives on Evaluating Macroeconomic Forecasts
Ullrich Heilemann and Herman O. Stekler
The George Washington University, Department of Economics, Research Program on Forecasting
Abstract     Text

Practice and Prospects of Medium-term Economic Forecasting
Torsten Schmidt, Helmut Hofer and Klaus Weyerstrass
Rheinisch-Westfalisches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitat Dortmund, Universitat Duisburg-Essen
Abstract     Text

Can the Fed Predict the State of the Economy?
Tara M. Sinclair, Fred Joutz and Herman O. Stekler
The George Washington University, Department of Economics, Research Program on Forecasting
Abstract     Text

Seasonality, Forecast Extensions and Business Cycle Uncertainty
Tommaso Proietti
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Теорема о существовании разрывов в шкале вероятностей
Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Systemic Risks and the Macroeconomy
De NicolA?, Gianni and Marcella Lucchetta
International Monetary Fund
Abstract     Text

Real-Time Data Revisions and the PCE Measure of Inflation
Heather L.R. Tierney
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting with Factor-augmented Error Correction Models
Anindya Banerjee, Massimiliano Marcellino and Igor Masten
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

Has the Accuracy of German Macroeconomic Forecasts Improved?
Ullrich Heilemann and Herman O. Stekler
The George Washington University, Department of Economics, Research Program on Forecasting
Abstract     Text

Hedging: Scaling and the Investor Horizon
John Cotter and Jim Hanly
Geary Institute, University College Dublin
Abstract     Text

Predicting chaos with Lyapunov exponents:
Zero plays no role in forecasting chaotic systems

Dominique Guegan and Justin T. Leroux
HAL
Abstract     Text

Should Macroeconomic Forecasters Use
Daily Financial Data and How?

Elena Andreou, Eric Ghysels and Andros Kourtellos
Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis
Abstract     Text

How Risky Is the Value at Risk?
Roxana Halbleib (Chiriac) and Winfried Pohlmeier
Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis
Abstract     Text

Understanding Analysts' Earnings Expectations:
Biases, Nonlinearities and Predictability

Marco Aiolfi, Marius Rodriguez and Allan Timmermann
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract     Text

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2009

Ruptures in the probability scale?
Calculation of ruptures’ dimensions

Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Realized Volatility with Linear and Nonlinear Models
Michael McAleer and M.C. Medeiros
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institut...
Abstract     Text

Forecasting long memory time series under a break in persistence
Florian Heinen, Philipp Sibbertsen and Robinson Kruse
School of Economics and Management, University of ...
Abstract     Text

Accuracy, Unbiasedness and Efficiency
of Professional Macroeconomic Forecasts:
An empirical Comparison for the G7

Jonas Dovern and Johannes Weisser
Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Planck-Ins...
Abstract     Text

Nonlinearity, Nonstationarity, and Spurious Forecasts
Vadim Marmer
Microeconomics.ca Website
Abstract     Text

Constructing Forecast Confidence Bands During the Financial Crisis
Ondra Kamenik, Marianne Johnson, Kevin Clinton,
Huigang Chen and Douglas Laxton
International Monetary Fund
Abstract     Text

Real-time inflation forecasting in a changing world
Jan J. J. Groen and R. Paap
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institut...
Abstract     Text

Forecasting chaotic systems:
The role of local Lyapunov exponents

Dominique Guegan and Justin Leroux
HAL
Abstract     Text

Analyzing Macroeconomic Forecastability
Ray C. Fair
Cowles Foundation, Yale University
Abstract     Text

Disagreement among Forecasters in G7 Countries
Jonas Dovern, Ulrich Fritsche and Jiri (Jirka) Slacalek
Hamburg University, Department Wirtschaft und Poli...
Abstract     Text

Macro modelling with many models
Ida Wolden Bache, James Mitchell,
Francesco Ravazzolo and Shaun P. Vahey
Norges Bank
Abstract     Text

UK Macroeconomic Forecasting with Many Predictors:
Which Models Forecast Best and When Do They Do So?

Gary Koop and Dimitris Korobilis
University of Strathclyde Business School, Departm...
Abstract     Text

Realising the future: forecasting with high frequency
based volatility (HEAVY) models

Neil Shephard and Kevin Sheppard
Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of O...
Abstract     Text

General correcting formula of forecasting?
Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Общая корректирующая формула прогнозирования
Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Forecasting the World Economy in the Short-Term
Audrone Jakaitiene and Stephane Dees
European Central Bank
Abstract     Text

Analyzing Macroeconomic Forecastability
Ray C. Fair
Cowles Foundation, Yale University
Abstract     Text

A nonparametric approach to forecasting realized volatility
Adam Clements and Ralf Becker
National Centre for Econometric Research
Abstract     Text

Estimating and Forecasting Asset Volatility
and Its Volatility: A Markov-Switching Range Model

Jan Piplack
Utrecht School of Economics
Abstract     Text

MONETARY POLICY FORECASTING
IN A DSGE MODEL WITH DATA THAT IS
UNCERTAIN, UNBALANCED AND ABOUT THE FUTURE

Andres Gonzalez Gomez, Lavan Mahadeva, Diego Rodriguez
and Luis Eduardo Rojas Duenas
BANCO DE LA REPUBLICA
Abstract     Text

Chaos in Economics and Finance
Dominique Guegan
HAL
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Random Walks under Drift Instability
M. Hashem Pesaran and Andreas Pick
Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department
Abstract     Text

Optimal Prediction Pools
John Geweke and Gianni Amisano
European Central Bank
Abstract     Text

Volatility Forecasting: The Jumps Do Matter
Fulvio Corsi, Davide Pirino and Roberto Reno
Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi Unive...
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Errors: Yet More Problems for Identification?
Bruno Contini
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)
Abstract     Text

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2008

A Small Quarterly Projection Model of the US Economy
Ondra Kamenik, Ioan Carabenciov, Igor Ermolaev,
Charles Freedman, Dmitry Korshunov, Douglas Laxton
and Michel Juillard
International Monetary Fund
Abstract     Text

The History of Manpower Forecasting in Modelling Labour Market
Stefano Spalletti
Macerata University, Department of Studies on Econ...
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Unemployment Rate Using a Neural Network
with Fuzzy Inference System

George Atsalakis, Camelia Ioana Ucenic and Christos Skiadas
University of Crete, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

The Resolution of Macroeconomic Uncertainty:
Evidence from Survey Forecast

Andrew J. Patton and Allan Timmermannd
CREATES Research Papers
Abstract     Text

The Usefulness of Output Gaps for Policy Analysis
Isabell Koske and Nigel Pain
OECD Economics Department
Abstract     Text

Short-term forecasting of GDP using large monthly datasets
– A pseudo real-time forecast evaluation exercise

K. Barhoumi, S. Benk, R. Cristadoro, Ard Den Reijer, A. Jakaitiene,
P. Jelonek, A. Rua, K. Ruth, C. Van Nieuwenhuyze and Gerhard Runstler
National Bank of Belgium
Abstract     Text

The Continuing Puzzle of Short Horizon Exchange Rate Forecasting
Kenneth S Rogoff and Vania Stavrakeva
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Bankruptcy and Physical Default Intensity
Ping Zhou
Financial Markets Group
Abstract     Text

Complex Evolutionary Systems in Behavioral Finance
Cars Hommes and Florian Oskar Ottokar Wagener
Tinbergen Institute
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Realized Volatility: A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach
Chun Liu and John M. Maheu
University of Toronto, Department of Economics
Abstract     Text

A Review of Forecasting Techniques for Large Data Sets
Jana Eklund and George Kapetanios
Queen Mary, University of London, Department of Ec...
Abstract     Text

Forecasting chaotic systems: the role of local Lyapunov exponents
Dominique Guegan and Justin Leroux
HAL
Abstract     Text

Forecasting Economic and Financial Variables with Global VARs
M Hashem Pesaran, Til Schuermann and L. Vanessa Smit
Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Abstract     Text

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2007

A hybrid approach to combine fuzziness and randomness
in travel choice prediction

Dell'Orco, Mauro, Giovanni Circella and Domenico Sassanelli
European Journal of Operational Research
Title

Prospective analysis: guidelines for forecasting financial statements
Ignacio Velez-Pareja and Joseph Tham
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DE BOLIVAR
Abstract     Text

Endogenous Political Instability
Ryo Arawatari and Kazuo Mino
Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics and...
Abstract     Text

Exact prediction of inflation and unemployment in Japan
Ivan Kitov
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Bayesian Analysis of Determinisitic Time Trend and Changes
in Persistence Using a Generalised Stochastic Unit Root Model

Fuyu Yang
Department of Economics, University of Leicester
Abstract     Text

The Dictator’s Dilemma: to Punish or to Assist?
Plan Failures and Interventions under Stalin

Andrei Markevich
Center for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR)
Abstract     Text

Принцип неопределенного будущего
и его применения

А. Харин
СОЦИОНЕТ
About: Modeling, Forecasting, Planning and
the Principle of Uncertain Future.
Аннотация     Текст

Do People Plan?
John Bone, John D Hey and John Suckling
Department of Economics, University of York
Abstract     Text

Monetary Policy with Model Uncertainty:
Distribution Forecast Targeting

Lars E O Svensson and Noah Williams
C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
Abstract

Can earnings forecasts be improved
by taking into account the forecast bias?

Karine Michalon, Sandrine Lardic and Francois Dossou
HAL, CCSD
Abstract     Text

Do People Plan?
John Bone, John Hey and John Suckling
MIUR Project on Dynamic Decision Making
Abstract
An Analysis of Tax Revenue Forecast Errors
Martin Keene and Peter Thomson
New Zealand Treasury
Abstract

Heavy tails and electricity prices:
Do time series models with non-Gaussian noise forecast better?

Rafal Weron and Adam Misiorek
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

Principle of uncertain future and utility
Alexander Harin
University Library of Munich, Germany
Abstract     Text

How far ahead can we forecast?
Evidence from cross-country surveys

Gultekin Isiklar and Kajal Lahiri
International Journal of Forecasting   2007
Abstract

How far ahead do people plan?
John D. Hey and Julia A. Knoll
Economics Letters   2007
Abstract


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4. Problems of Modeling (more)

The well-determined (but paradoxical) facts are:
For positive (gains) risky prospects, people typically
        1) overweight low probabilities but
        2) underweight high probabilities.
For negative (losses) risky prospects, people typically
        3) underweight low probabilities but
        4) overweight high probabilities.
Top
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5. New Principle of Modeling, Forecasting, Planning (more)    
Principle of Uncertain Future
(simplified as much as possible)
The principle

The probability of a future event contains uncertainty.

5.1. The first consequence of the principle

Suppose we plan to test the probability value, which is equal to 99%.
Suppose the probability uncertainty value is equal to 5%.
Then, evidently, the real mean value of probability cannot be as high as 99%.
Generally,
High probabilities will decrease.
Phigh real < Phigh planned
Analogously, but considering the second consequence of the principle (see below),
Low probabilities can increase.
Plow real possible > Plow planned

5.2. The second consequence of the principle

The total probability of unforeseen future events
is more than 0%

Σ Punforeseen real > 0%
Hence,
The present total probability of future events
is less than 100%

Σ Pplanned < 100%
or
The present probability system of future events
is incomplete.


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6. New Results. Solution of Problems (more)    
6.1. Solution of Problems of Modeling

The well-determined (but paradoxical) facts are:
For positive (gains) risky prospects, people typically
        1) overweight low probabilities but
        2) underweight high probabilities.
For negative (losses) risky prospects, people typically
        3) underweight low probabilities but
        4) overweight high probabilities.

Denoting the real value of probability,
which value is near 100% as Phigh real ,
the (positive) value of gain as G
and the (negative) value of loss as -G ,
we obtain
Phigh real < Phigh planned

and
G * Phigh real < G * Phigh planned

-G * Phigh real > -G * Phigh planned

        2) the underweight of high probabilities gains and
        4) the overweight of high probabilities losses.
Denoting the real value of probability,
which value is near 0% as Plow real possible
we obtain
Plow real possible > Plow planned

and
G * Plow real possible > G * Plow planned

-G * Plow real possible < -G * Plow planned

        1) the overweight of low probabilities gains and
        3) the underweight of low probabilities losses.
Thus, the above facts can be explained naturally and uniformly.




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6.2. New Results    
6.2.1. Formula of Forecasting    

The principle of uncertain future causes an increase of forecasting error and structural complexity.
The principle of uncertain future originates a formula of forecasting:

F ≅ Fbase {1+Σφaddit} {∏(1+kmultiplicat)} {1±Δerror}


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6.2.2. "Impossibilities" in Forecasting    

Possible conclusions from the formula of forecasting and the first consequence of the principle:

"Absolutely exact extrapolation forecasting is impossible"

"Exact middle-range extrapolation forecasting is unattainable"

Possible conclusions from the formula of forecasting and from the first and second consequences of the principle:

"Absolutely reliable extrapolation forecasting is impossible"

"Exact long-range extrapolation forecasting is impossible"

"Quantitative extra-long-range extrapolation forecasting is impossible"
(Growing quantitative uncertainties and unforeseen events may modify an essential parameter for more than 50% from its maximal value)

Possible conclusion from the formula of forecasting and the second consequence of the principle:

"Complete qualitative extra-long-range extrapolation forecasting is impossible"
(Unforeseen events may add an unforeseen qualitative feature in a complete picture)



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6.2.3. "Necessities" in Planning    

Possible conclusions from the formula of forecasting and the principle of uncertain future in the scope of the concept
"Future as the extrapolated Present":

"Future is Modifications and Changes"

"Short-term and Medium-term Planning is Necessary to be Flexible"

"The Necessary Features of Long-term Planning should be
Robustness & Resourcefulness"



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Copyright ® Alexander Harin